Developing and testing high-efficacy patient subgroups within a clinical trial using risk scores

Abstract

There is the potential for high‐dimensional information about patients collected in clinical trials (such as genomic, imaging, and data from wearable technologies) to be informative for the efficacy of a new treatment in situations where only a subset of patients benefits from the treatment. The adaptive signature design (ASD) method has been proposed for developing and testing the efficacy of a treatment in a high‐efficacy patient group (the sensitive group) using genetic data. The method requires selection of three tuning parameters which may be highly computationally expensive. We propose a variation to the ASD method, the cross‐validated risk scores (CVRS) design method, that does not require selection of any tuning parameters. The method is based on computing a risk score for each patient and dividing them into clusters using a nonparametric clustering procedure. We assess the properties of CVRS against the originally proposed cross‐validated ASD using simulation data and a real psychiatry trial. CVRS, as assessed for various sample sizes and response rates, has a substantial reduction in the computational time required. In many simulation scenarios, there is a substantial improvement in the ability to correctly identify the sensitive group and the power of the design to detect a treatment effect in the sensitive group. We illustrate the application of the CVRS method on the psychiatry trial.

Publication
Statistics in Medicine 2020; 39(24):3285-3298

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